Genetic consequences of terminal crossbreeding, genomic test, sexed semen, and beef semen in dairy herds

The development of breeding tools, such as genomic selection and sexed semen, has progressed rapidly in dairy cattle during the past decades. In combination with beef these tools are adopted increasingly at herd level. Dairy crossbreeding is emerging, but economic genetic consequences combining it other relatively unknown. We investigated 5 different semen schemes where 0, 50, 90% heifers; 50% heifers + 25% first-parity cows; 45% cows were bred to semen. combined scenarios managing pure-breeding or terminal crossbreeding, including testing all newborn no testing, keeping Swedish Red Holstein an initial breed. Thus, 40 simulated, 2 stochastic simulation models: SimHerd Crossbred (operational returns) ADAM (genetic returns). sum operational returns equaled total return. Beef was used limit surplus replacement heifers. Terminal implied having a nucleus purebred females, some inseminated opposite F1 crossbred females reproductive performance played role improving benefit any tools. most considerable achieved when 4 combined. For Holstein, highest return compared scenario, without test, for test (+€58, 33% crossbreds herd). (+€94, 46% resulted lower across corresponding compensated by higher